History
The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) was a defining episode in modern China. In ten years, it dismantled the state, party, and economy with widespread social upheaval and violence, followed by unrelenting oppressive campaigns. It…
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University of Notre Dame
University of Notre Dame's course descriptions average 65.0 on the 100-to-0 ruler: clearly left of center. Across all 100 schools, the average is 67.5, so University of Notre Dame reads 2.5 points further right.
Liberal (100)center (50)Conservative (0)
Where its courses fall
2%Far left92–100
30%Left75–91
44%Center-left59–74
12%Center42–58
3%Center-right26–41
5%Right9–25
4%Far right0–8
Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.
Underlined: words the model quoted from the description when we asked it, after scoring, to explain its score.
Furthest-left subjects
Religious Studies
This course introduces and equips you how to do feminist/gender critical biblical interpretations for your communities of faith. This subject is grounded in the ecumenical belief that all humankind are equal, and we worship an inclusive and…
Anthropology
This course offers a critical examination of the social conditions of Black Italians today, at the intersection of gender, race and class inequalities with a focus on their lived experience and calls for structural change. Within the frame…
Furthest-right subjects
Ethnic & African American Studies
This course is a survey-style introduction to the early modern Atlantic world, the global region brought together beginning in the fifteenth century by commercial interests, military conquest, and the African slave trade. It explores the…
English & Comparative Literature
This module focuses on real-life 'American Horror Stories': twentieth and twenty-first century popular fiction narratives explicitly or implicitly informed by some of the most disruptive and disturbing true-life events to have shaped the…
History
This course follows the history of the development of South Africa starting with the arrival of Europeans. It analyzes the impacts past events on others and covers early colonialism, the Anglo-Boer War, the gold and diamond rush, Apartheid,…
Why this number, in plain words
Political lean of course descriptions. Average Framing score (0 = far right, 50 = center, 100 = far left) of the scored courses in the group.
50 is the survey-anchored center of US adults on each issue (the "moderate" place of the ANES/GSS/PRRI seven-label ruler), not the cohort midpoint; scores above 50 read leftward, below 50 rightward.
Counted: courses with a Framing score (categories L/R/B/C). The likely range (95% interval) is 63.9 to 66.2; a comparison whose range overlaps this one is not a reliable difference.
- Most course descriptions carry no political lean at all and are not in this average; the "share described from the left" view counts them.
- Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
University of Notre Dame by department (share of courses described from the left)
| Department | Left-framed share | Courses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women's & Gender Studies | 48.5% | 66 | view |
| Ethnic & African American Studies | 31.0% | 84 | view |
| Sociology | 11.3% | 115 | view |
| Political Science | 8.8% | 318 | view |
| English & Comparative Literature | 8.5% | 200 | view |
| Anthropology | 8.3% | 277 | view |
| History | 6.9% | 360 | view |
| Art & Art History | 2.5% | 239 | view |
| Religious Studies | 2.5% | 365 | view |
| Psychology | 1.9% | 162 | view |
| Philosophy | 1.5% | 271 | view |
| Economics | 1.4% | 219 | view |
Lean (mean Framing score) is not published per department within a school; only the left-framed share is. Department rows carry no interval.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
| Name | Metric | Value | 95% interval | n | scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Notre Dame | mean_bias_score | 65.0 | 63.9 – 66.2 | 2,676 | 193 |
| All 100 schools | mean_bias_score | 67.5 | 67.4 – 67.7 | 124,290 | 10,124 |
- Formula
- SUM(bias_score) / COUNT(bias_score)
- Interval
- normal approximation: mean +/- 1.96 * sd / sqrt(n), sample sd (n-1); undefined when n < 2
- Model / prompt / snapshot
- gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
- Metric caveats
- Scored courses only (L/R/B/C); N and I carry no score and are excluded, so n here is smaller than the group's course count. Scores are model readings of catalog description text against a fixed anchored definition, not teaching or syllabi. The interval covers sampling noise in the mean only; it does not represent model reading error. Every value carries a `method` label: exact_rows or histogram_midpoint.
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