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University of Pennsylvania · Religious Studies

8.5% of University of Pennsylvania's Religious Studies course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' Religious Studies departments, it is 4.6%.

0%25%
University of Pennsylvania: 8.5% Religious Studies at all 100 schools: 4.6% each other school in the comparison

Where Religious Studies courses fall

0%Far left92–100
7%Left75–91
43%Center-left59–74
29%Center42–58
0%Center-right26–41
14%Right9–25
7%Far right0–8
14 plotted courses (the ones with a political subject). 100 = far left, 50 = the average American, 0 = far right. Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes.

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Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.

Furthest-left subjects

RELS 5570 · An Intellectual History of Pakistan : Religion and politics83

Religious Studies

The course will introduce students to significant events in Pakistan’s history, critical foundational moments, and key religious-political texts. To make the course theoretically rigorous, I have conceptualized it in a broader framework of…

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RELS 0088 · Penitentiaries to PILOTs: Religion and Institutions in Pennsylvania67

Religious Studies

This first-year seminar examines how religion works on, in, and through institutions such as penitentiaries, residential facilities for Native children, private universities, for-profit corporations, and public schools. Focusing on the…

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RELS 3100 · Orthodox America (SNF Paideia Program Course)67

Religious Studies

This course surveys the rich history of Orthodox Christian communities in North America from the early 19th century to the present day. Orthodox Christians from the Middle East, eastern Europe, Russia, Ethiopia, India, and elsewhere have…

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Furthest-right subjects

RELS 1010 · Religion and Evolution8

Religious Studies

This class will explore encounters between religion and evolutionary sciences, from the 19th century to the present. We will consider the history of evolutionary biology's entanglements with faith, from the initial explosion of interest in…

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RELS 5900 · Religious Nationalisms: A Global Perspective10

Religious Studies

Religious nationalism is the fusion of religion with national and ethnic identity. Since the 1970’s it has become an important force in reshaping political activity, and the relationship of religious movements and groups to governments…

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RELS 1189 · Islam and the West25

Religious Studies

How did Muslims and modern South Asia interact with the West? What Islamic idioms, orientations and movements emerged in the nineteenth and twentienth centuries? Was South Asia a prominent global center of Islam? What kinds of Islamic…

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Why this number, in plain words

Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.

Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.

  • Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
NameMetricValue95% intervalnscored
University of Pennsylvania · Religious Studiesbias_left_share8.5—47—
Religious Studiesbias_left_share4.64.1 – 5.17,282—
Formula
100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
Interval
Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
Model / prompt / snapshot
gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
Metric caveats
Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.

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