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University of Pennsylvania · Religious Studies

8.5% of University of Pennsylvania's Religious Studies course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' Religious Studies departments, it is 4.6%.

ShowCompared withDepartments

0%25%

University of Pennsylvania: 8.5% Religious Studies at all 100 schools: 4.6% each other school in the comparison

Where Religious Studies courses fall

0%Far left92–100

0%Left75–91

100%Center-left59–74

0%Center42–58

0%Center-right26–41

0%Right9–25

0%Far right0–8

4 plotted courses (the ones with a political framing). 100 = far left, 50 = the average American, 0 = far right.

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Framing Subject

Furthest left

RELS 5900 · Religious Nationalisms: A Global Perspective65

Religious Studies

Religious nationalism is the fusion of religion with national and ethnic identity. Since the 1970’s it has become an important force in reshaping political activity, and the relationship of religious movements and groups to governments…

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RELS 7720 · Islam, Gender, and Colonialism60

Religious Studies

In the latter 19th and early 20th centuries South Asians became increasingly concerned with women’s education and other social issues related to gender. Following the fall of the Mughal Empire in 1857, the class of urban gentry previously…

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RELS 3100 · Orthodox America (SNF Paideia Program Course)59

Religious Studies

This course surveys the rich history of Orthodox Christian communities in North America from the early 19th century to the present day. Orthodox Christians from the Middle East, eastern Europe, Russia, Ethiopia, India, and elsewhere have…

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Furthest right

None. University of Pennsylvania Religious Studies has 4 left-framed courses and not one right-framed course.

Why this number, in plain words

Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.

Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.

Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.

Details: exact rows, definitions and method

Name	Metric	Value	95% interval	n	scored
University of Pennsylvania · Religious Studies	bias_left_share	8.5	—	47	—
Religious Studies	bias_left_share	4.6	4.1 – 5.1	7,282	—

Formula: 100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
Interval: Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
Model / prompt / snapshot: gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
Metric caveats: Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.

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