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University of Pennsylvania · Philosophy

2.1% of University of Pennsylvania's Philosophy course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' Philosophy departments, it is 2.7%.

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0%20%

University of Pennsylvania: 2.1% Philosophy at all 100 schools: 2.7% each other school in the comparison

Where Philosophy courses fall

4%Far left92–100

17%Left75–91

42%Center-left59–74

33%Center42–58

4%Center-right26–41

0%Right9–25

0%Far right0–8

24 plotted courses (the ones with a political subject). 100 = far left, 50 = the average American, 0 = far right. Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes.

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Framing Subject

Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.

Furthest-left subjects

PHIL 3435 · Marx's Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy100

Philosophy

A majors seminar in Philosophy. Karl Marx is one of the most politically and intellectually influential philosophers of the modern period. Even today, in the aftermath of Soviet Communism, but also in the aftermath of the Great Recession,…

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PHIL 2511 · Racial Justice88

Philosophy

This course will focus on contemporary philosophical debates around racial justice. Some of the themes for this course are quite obvious: the nature of racism and discrimination, for example, will recur. But the main focus of the course…

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PHIL 1510 · Black Philosophy83

Philosophy

This is a survey course that will cover issues in the Black and African American philosophical tradition. The course will give an overview of the ethics, political theory, epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of language relevant to…

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Furthest-right subjects

PHIL 5961 · MLA Seminar: The Idea of Nationalism30

Philosophy

Nationalism has been the most important geo-political phenomenon of the past two hundred years. This MLA proseminar course will explore the ideology of nationalism, what it means, its philosophical foundations, underlying assumptions about…

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Why this number, in plain words

Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.

Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.

Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.

Details: exact rows, definitions and method

Name	Metric	Value	95% interval	n	scored
University of Pennsylvania · Philosophy	bias_left_share	2.1	—	146	—
Philosophy	bias_left_share	2.7	2.4 – 3.1	7,780	—

Formula: 100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
Interval: Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
Model / prompt / snapshot: gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
Metric caveats: Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.

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