History
Out of an obscure, backward empire, the Soviet Union emerged to become the great political laboratory of the twentieth century. This course will trace the roots of the world's first socialist society and its attempts to recast human…
All schools · Ivy League
University of Pennsylvania · History
9.3% of University of Pennsylvania's History course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' History departments, it is 8.3%.
0%35%
Where History courses fall
2%Far left92–100
28%Left75–91
24%Center-left59–74
22%Center42–58
9%Center-right26–41
12%Right9–25
3%Far right0–8
Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.
Furthest-left subjects
History
Many believe that the 1917 Russian Revolution was the most significant event in the twentieth century, both as a rupture from the past and as a precursor of much that was to come in the twentieth century. The February Revolution of 1917…
History
In 1492 Europeans began to colonize the Americas. Many colonizers sought to dispossess Indigenous people of their labor, land, and, sometimes, their lives, and often tried to impose their religion and cultural practices. Nonetheless,…
Furthest-right subjects
History
The Amazon is burning. The glaciers are melting. Heat waves, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and droughts devastate ever larger swaths of the earth, producing crop failures, air pollution, soil erosion, famine and terrifying…
History
The purpose of this course is to provide students with a solid knowledge of Atlantic history during the early modern period (XV-XVIII centuries). Through readings of primary and secondary texts we will discuss the cultural, religious,…
History
When and why did medieval European Christians develop anxieties about the beliefs of others, and what did they do to grapple with this anxiety? This course will explore the development of ideas of right and wrong belief in medieval Europe,…
Why this number, in plain words
Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.
Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.
- Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
| Name | Metric | Value | 95% interval | n | scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania · History | bias_left_share | 9.3 | — | 194 | — |
| History | bias_left_share | 8.3 | 7.9 – 8.7 | 17,232 | — |
- Formula
- 100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
- Interval
- Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
- Model / prompt / snapshot
- gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
- Metric caveats
- Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.
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